Management Of International Marketing - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Market Segmentation Conceptual and Methodological

Question: Examine about the Market Segmentation for Conceptual and Methodological. Answer: Presentation: Honeywell International, Inc. is a US based combination organization, which is working in various markets and with number of administration contributions. This specific report is examining Honeywell Building Solutions and the market and request circumstance of the organization in Australia. According to the organization site, the organization is giving answers for the business and purchasers since 1962 (Honeywell 2016). In Honeywell Building Solutions, the organization centers to configuration, execute and bolster savvy building answers for the customers. It gives vitality effectiveness and security in developments and networks. As referenced in the association site, Smart lattice, miniaturized scale network and on location power age, incorporated security, building controls, mechanization, and the executives, framework administration, upkeep and streamlining, and brilliant structure are instances of the advances created by the HBS specialty unit (Honeywell 2016). With practical, ada ptable, versatile and long haul arrangements, Honeywell Building Solutions gives expanded profitability, diminished operational expense, and safe workplace to the structures (Honeywell, 2016). The organization is internationally regarded for its commitment to the advancement. As indicated by the last distributed report, the overall gain of the organization was US$4.768 billion of every 2015 (Honeywell, 2016). Utilization designs: The organization serves the structure business around the world. As referenced in the organization site the association gives development answers for the speculators as well. In this manner, it can without much of a stretch be guessed that this specific section of Honeywell is gradually yet reliably catching the market in the development and Intelligent Building Management Systems showcase. As opined by Votano and Sunindijo (2014) with the adjustments in the ecological laws in the development segment, the interest of the vitality effective networks of the Building Energy Management Systems are bit by bit expanding. With the adjustments in the legislative guideline the matter of the vitality productive segments can be vacillated, yet in the cutting edge universe of innovation and the global development of the matured populace will build the piece of the pie of the organization. Market division: Honeywell shares a tremendous segment in the customer fragment. As referenced by Hjort et al. (2013) recognizing the correct potential clients is basic for making a fruitful business and increment the benefit tally. Here, the purchasers can be sectioned in the accompanying manners: Geographic: The association is working in the worldwide market. Be that as it may, the clients of the urban and monetarily created territories can be refered to as the potential clients. Segment: As referenced by Wedel and Kamakura (2012) the segment division centers around the market division as indicated by the age, sexual orientation, salary, instruction, ethnicity, conjugal status, training, family unit (or business), size, length of home, kind of home, calling/Occupation of the clients. Age: The matured individuals will require savvy home types of gear. Calling/Occupation: The principle clients of the chose organization are the structure development organizations. Notwithstanding, the general clients from any calling or the business associations can be the clients of this organization. Psychographic: The clients who are naturally cognizant and watches out for the wellbeing and security issues can b distinguished as the potential clients. Also, the entrepreneurs who are cognizant about the legitimate difficulties in the security, manageability and the ecological issues will be the objective client of the organization. Social: The clients are business houses who are very little value touchy. Be that as it may, quality is an issue here. Additionally, the advanced and innovation situated individuals will love to introduce these items. Worth arranged: The Building vitality the executives framework (IBEMS) suppliers, Investor people group, Commercial structure robotization framework (CBAS) merchants Lighting controls makers electronic organizations, Commercial land (CRE) suppliers Corporate vitality and supportability officials and the Government offices will and the arrangement administration of the chose organization (Biswas 2014). Purchasing behavior: In the event that the purchasing behavior of the clients can be inspected it tends to be noticed that the associations principally makes vital coalition to the organization. As referenced by Khalfan et al. (2015) in the IBMS showcase, the development houses make arrangements to the IBMS organizations for the establishment of building arrangement supplies for their development ventures. Then again, direct arrangements are likewise finished with the clients for the establishment of the security frameworks and different contributions. As referenced by Kibert (2016) the political and lawful situation of the nation just as the universal market, the establishment of the security types of gear and the vitality effective frameworks are one of the major lawful guidelines in the development organizations. Henceforth, as opined by McGeorge and Zou (2012) it tends to be expressed that the dynamic unit for the acquisition of the item contributions of the organization is simply the business. While purchasing the results of Honeywell Building Solutions, the clients can switch for options. As referenced by Azzi et al. (2015) the organization has number of contenders which can fill in as the interchanges for the organization. Here, the name of the General Electric, Johnson Controls and BAE Systems can be referenced. Also, during the time spent purchasing the item offering the clients can look at the substitutes like quality, value, brand name and some more. The organization site can be filled in as the data hotspot for the clients. Additionally, the ads, neighbors, verbal exchange can be filled in as the wellspring of data. At last, the value, quality and the current information for example the brand name will impact the purchasing behavior of the clients in this market. Natural Impacts on Demand: The large scale natural components are one of the significant factors that affect the interest design. For distinguishing, the natural effects on the interest a PESTL examination can b done. As referenced by Kolios, and Read (2013) a PSTLE investigation gives an unmistakable picture about the political, social, mechanical and financial pattern in a specific market that is being powerful in the activity of the association. Political: With the reconciliation to the Kiyoto convention, Australia and numerous different nations are presently making laws in regards to the establishment of Building Energy Management Systems inside the development ventures. The legislature is giving legitimate motivations to the associations which incorporating to the standards. Monetary: The monetary log jam in the worldwide just as the local market has influenced the development business in Australia. Be that as it may, as referenced by Votano and Sunindijo (2014) the economy of the nation is solid and the solid FDI stream is improving the development showcase. Social: As referenced by Biswas (2014) the development of populace in the most recent decade, has extended the market potential for the development organization. It is being useful in making interest for the arrangement offering of the chose organization. Additionally, as opined by Azzi et al. (2015) the predictable development of urbanization and the maturing populace is crating interest for the shrewd structures. Innovative: With the ongoing advancement and improvement in the innovations utilized in the development businesses, the organizations are currently ready to give vitality proficient structures to the clients. As referenced by Khalfan t al. (2015) the new pattern of BEMS or the Building Energy Management Systems in the compression business of created nations like Australia and Japan, the organization is currently very nearly encountering a tremendous degree of achievement in those business sectors. Legitimate: As opined by Hojjati and Khodakarami (2016) with the expanded worry for the ecological issues the nations like Australia is making laws which are making it required for the development organizations to introduce vitality effective answers for their structures. In addition, as depicted by Kibert (2016) the Australian government has severe laws with respect to the worker security. Thus, it is crating interest for the wellbeing arrangements of the chose organization. Watchmen five powers: As depicted by E. Dobbs (2014) Porters five powers model inspects the serious contention and the companys position in the market. With the factors like Consumers dealing power, bartering intensity of providers, danger of Substitutes, danger to new contestants and the serious contention in the current market, the serious circumstance can be examined. Here, in this report the purchasers bartering power has been talked about with the point of investigating the purchasers power in the market. The Bargaining Power of Customers: As the organization is working in giving green and vitality proficient answers for the development houses and the financial specialists, the dealing intensity of the purchasers can be distinguished as low. With the expanded guideline in the development markets for the establishment and the board of vitality effective force lattices and different types of gear, the clients the continuously being subject to the administration offering of the organization (Asadullah and Celik 2016). Additionally, the Australian government has severe guidelines for the organizations to give sheltered and secure workplace to the representatives. It has pushed the business associations to introduce security the board types of gear. Along these lines, it very well may be guaranteed that the results of the organization is significant for the clients and they can't overlook the contributions of the organization. Blue sea methodology: The blue sea methodology discusses making new market and interest for getting upper hand. As opined by Kim and Mauborgne (2014) for defining a blue sea procedure it is expected to remake the

College Board Essay Samples - Write Well Using College Board Essay Sample

College Board Essay Samples - Write Well Using College Board Essay SampleThe second way to write a College Board essay sample is to find samples and use them as a template. You will find plenty of websites that offer these samples for free. It can take some time to locate the kind of College Board essay samples that are right for you.You will find a lot of College Board essays online, so the first thing to do is make sure the site you choose offers good quality essays and samples. It's a good idea to read some sample essays before beginning to write your own. Many students don't like to use the sample essays because they just don't seem right.Students who write essays for the College Board should be careful when writing an essay. The College Board expects all essay writers to have some academic knowledge of college life and writing. You will also want to have a good grasp of grammar and punctuation.The College Board will give you hints and tips on how to make your essay more interest ing and readable. They want people who will want to take the test to enjoy the essay and its contents. If you make your essay more readable it will help. Keep in mind that if you're not a native English speaker you might have trouble with writing for the College Board.College Board essays have to be easy to understand and a student has to be able to follow the directions clearly. Avoid using slang terms. Instead, use correct grammar and proper sentence structure. Use words that have specific meanings that are commonly used, such as 'will'she.'You might be surprised to find out that the College Board actually reviews every College Board essay they approve. The College Board wants you to pass the exam. That means they want to make sure you know the right things to say.You will have to write a lot of essays, but a good writer can write an essay using college board essay samples very quickly. If you have difficulty reading, it's OK to hire someone to proofread for you. In addition, some students get a lot of help from their teachers to work through essays.If you're unsure how to write an essay for the College Board, it's best to use a college board sample that has been written by a native English speaker. When you do this, you'll be able to appreciate the essay and not think it's so hard. If you're comfortable writing in English, then it will be easier to write an essay for the College Board.

The Disappearance By Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni - 1495 Words

In Provoked and â€Å"The Disappearance† by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, they describe how the Indian women leave their native country and immigrate to Western countries due to the arranged marriage that they have no rights to choose. Although the Indian women try to learn and integrate into Western culture, their husbands expect them to be a traditional Indian woman who should stay home and take care of the children, certainly isolated from mainstream society. If the Indian women try to rebel or challenge their husband’s authority, they are subject to their husband’s abuse in the fact of their machismo culture. This is because men try to retain their authority in the household as well as their status in the house. Men sometimes needed to take a step back and make a concession toward women by learning to respect women’s choice. This is because everyone has a different cultural background that shapes how one behaves and acts in the society based on his or he r social group. If men offer freedom to their women, they will be able to retain their authority in the household. In the Indian culture, the men are seen as strong, stable, tough, aggressive, confident and competent who is the one makes every decision and works outside. The women are regarded as warm, polite, gentle, soft, and is to follow without question the husband’s decision. These stereotypical gender roles and expectation in a patriarchal culture could result in both men and women losing their individual personalityShow MoreRelatedThe Disappearance Short Story Summary772 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Disappearance† by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni is a short story in 1995 where traditional lifestyles were common and when women were mainly just housewives. Women were starting to want more freedom besides staying at home with their kids, cooking meals, and wearing what they were told is acceptable. Men also were considered always to be the superior by telling others in the family what to do so that everything happens their way. Through increasingly bad behavior of the husband, Chitra BanerjeeRead MoreThe Disappearance Analysis1847 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿The short story â€Å"The Disappearance† by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni basically is about an Indian man who lived in America. At first, he married an educated Indian girl. However, she, unlike her husband, did not have a traditional mindset. She eventually left him, and this was something which he could not accept. He started to recall the times when she was with him. He was in a state of denial that his wife could possibly leave him when he thought he had been good to him, and that he had done enoughRead MoreSelf Empowerment Is Important For Your Own Life2380 Words   |  10 Pagesself-empowerment through his courage to walk away from his family for good. He is now able to understand that walking away from his family is for the greater good. Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, author of â€Å"The Disappearance† illustrates self-empowerment through the wife. This particular story is told through the husband’s point of view concerning the disappearance of his wife. The husband is portrayed as a very traditional Indian male. He is in an arranged marriage, which means his wife doesn’t have much control

Business Analysis Millicom Stakeholder Report - 1741 Words

Millicom Stakeholder Report 1.0 Introduction The unprecedented growth in trade, investment and technology over the last 50 years has led to the economic, political and cultural integration of the world that today we recognise as globalisation. The accelerated rate at of this process is having overwhelming consequences in the life of individuals, organisations, countries and the environment. Likewise, these forces are leading to a change in people’s sense of belonging, adding an additional sense of responsibility for mankind and the planet as a whole. Business is no exception. Corporations have a crucial role and responsibility in today’s society. As the power of the nation state is increasingly in decline, the influence of businesses is only expanding and intensifying. Companies and their decisions have a profound impact on communities, individuals and the environment. Therefore, these organisations must assume a significant responsibility in today’s globalised society. As Bryan Horrigan (2010) explains, businesses â€Å"not only must be engaged with their stakeholders but are themselves stakeholders alongside governments and civil society. International business leaders must fully commit to sustainable development and address paramount global challenges† (p.53). The following stakeholder report will concentrate on one of the world’s leading international and media companies, Millicom International Cellular, evaluating its impact and policies towards society and theShow MoreRelatedSwot2538 Words   |  11 PagesBusiness Management , Individual Assignment 1 C.P.U.T. Short Course in Supply Chain Management 3/19/2015 George Wilson | Table of contents | Index Number | Table of content | 1 | Objective | 2 | Overview | 3 | Vodacom’s Vision and Values | 4 | SWOT Analysis based on Vodacom | 5 | Resource allocation in Vodacom | 9 | Leadership in Vodacom | 10 | Controls | 11 | Conclusion | 12 | Glossary | 13 | Objective This assignment focuses on the practical application

Trading Motorcycle Parts and Accessories Essay Example For Students

Trading Motorcycle Parts and Accessories Essay As the business continues to expand, the management realized that theres still a need to improve its service, thus giving more satisfaction not only to their alluded costumers, but to their suppliers and employees as well. At present (cite here the current problem the company experiences with their current way of doing business using manual system. (Presentation of the problem (what the problem is all about). This will indicate what will be covered by the study. The existence of an unsatisfactory condition, a felt problem that needs a solution. Specifically what problems do they experience in the areas mentioned below: using in flow you can save time in paper works, fulfill customers needs more accurately. It can also transfer s orders between location,customers and vendors balances. Inventory systems maintain information about activities within firms that ensure the delivery of products to customers. ) Utilizing various forms of intimation technology as part tot human activity helps drive decision making leading to further action within the organization. The use of various information technology (IT) tools specifically information systems (IS) whether stand-alone, client/server or web-based, helps carry out in the effective operation of the business. The need tort IS is needed especially, when most transactions nowadays re done using various forms of information technology. Likewise, IS has become increasingly important for the competitive positioning of modern business in the market field. Web-based inventory system is an example of an information system, which can make a huge difference in the profitability of a business. Although the concept is simple, the process Of getting the right balance can be quite a complex and time consuming task without the right technology. Inventory systems maintain information about activities Within firms that ensure the just- in-time delivery of products to customers. The system helps the management track and maintain their finished goods inventory items and see their inventory qualities on hand. The researcher got very much interested in determining the status of employing a on. Nine inventory system at TAMPA and so he conducted this research. Will adapting a on-line inventory system make a big difference especially in the profitability of the business of TAMPA? In transacting business, would a on-line inventory system enable the company an easy, fast and convenient way in dealing transaction processes. Furthermore, the researcher s interested to find out whether the current trends in using on-line inventory system will be possible and a necessity in order tort the ma nagement and staff of the AT AMP to become more productive. Statement of the problem This study was conducted to investigate all aspects of conducting inventory processes at TAMPA in the year 2010-2011 as perceived by the management and staff. Specifically, the study will seek to answer the following questions: a. Is there a significant difference in the way product availability at order entry is check using the current manual system and using the on-line inventory system? . How effective would the on-line inventory system be in accessing products inventory and order Status in the transaction operation Of TAMPA? . HOW adequate are the methods of using an on-line inventor/ system for a faster and convenient way Of transacting business at TAMPA? D. What are the problems facing the management and staff in using manual way of monitoring products inventory? E. Will an on. Line inventory system make it possible and a necessity at TAMPA in order for the staff become more productive? F. Is there a significant difference in the profitability of Atmans business when an on. Nine inventory system is used as compared to the manual system as perceived by the management? Assumptions An assumption is a self-evident truth which is based upon a known fact or phenomenon. Oftentimes, especially in descriptive and historical researches, assumptions are not explicitly expressed but left implicit, that is, they are unwritten. Generally, every specific question is implicitly based upon an assumption. If there is no assumption, expressed or implicit, there can no specific question. Examples: l) Specific question: How qualified are the teachers handling science? Implicit (unwritten assumption): There are certain qualifications that one should possess before he can teach science. .u6a4612491766e267dab744f99c85244f , .u6a4612491766e267dab744f99c85244f .postImageUrl , .u6a4612491766e267dab744f99c85244f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6a4612491766e267dab744f99c85244f , .u6a4612491766e267dab744f99c85244f:hover , .u6a4612491766e267dab744f99c85244f:visited , .u6a4612491766e267dab744f99c85244f:active { border:0!important; } .u6a4612491766e267dab744f99c85244f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6a4612491766e267dab744f99c85244f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6a4612491766e267dab744f99c85244f:active , .u6a4612491766e267dab744f99c85244f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6a4612491766e267dab744f99c85244f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6a4612491766e267dab744f99c85244f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6a4612491766e267dab744f99c85244f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6a4612491766e267dab744f99c85244f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6a4612491766e267dab744f99c85244f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6a4612491766e267dab744f99c85244f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6a4612491766e267dab744f99c85244f .u6a4612491766e267dab744f99c85244f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6a4612491766e267dab744f99c85244f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Physical Geology Notes EssayHypothesis A hypothesis is a tentative conclusion or answer to a specific question raised at the beginning of the investigation. It is an educated guess about the answer to a specific question. Conceptual Framework Conceptual Framework From the review of related literature and studies, the researcher may formulate a theoretical scheme for his research problem. This scheme is a tentative explanation or theoretical explanation Of the phenomenon or problem and serves as the basis or the formulation of research hypotheses. Thus, the conceptual framework consists Of the investigators own position on the problem after his exposure to various theories that have bearing on the problem. It is the researchers new model which has its roots on the previous model which the researcher had studied. The conceptual framework becomes the central theme, the focus, the main thrust of the study. It serves as a guide in conducting the investigation. Currently, however, most theses do not have a discussion of their conceptual frameworks. Very few thesis writers endeavor to include an explanation of their ancestral framework in their theses. Paradigm. A paradigm is a diagrammatic representation of a conceptual trademark. It depicts in a more vivid way what the conceptual framework wants to convey, Create PIP(INPUT/PROCESS/JUJITSU) In this study it is conceived that supplier taking transaction processing system will be of a great help in organizing finished goods into multiple categories thereby making their work faster and easier. It is also conceived that production will be more using an online eventide system and at the same time will have significant influence on the production and transaction process of the employees and the supplier. Scope and Delimitations of the Study This study will focus to inventory practices most especially to typical superficial transaction processing system of the Sailors Trading. The respondents of the study will be the supplier, the management, and the employee of the Jugulars Trading located at Don Gal. Appearance. Please refer to the guidelines below on how to construct the scope and delimitations of the study 1. A brief statement of the general purpose of the study. 2. The subject matter and topics studied and discussed. 3. The local Of he study, where the data were gathered or the entity to which the data belong. 4. The population or universe from Which the respondents were selected. This must be large to make generalizations significant. 5. The period of the study. This is the time, either months or years, during which the data were gathered. Ex. This investigation was conducted to determine the status of the teaching of science in the high schools of Province A as perceived by the teachers and students in science classes during the school year 1989-1990. The aspects looked into were the qualifications teachers, their methods and strategies, facilities, arms of supervisory assistance, problems, and proposed solutions to problems. General purpose: To determine the status of the teaching of science. Subject matter: The teaching of science. Topics (aspects) studied: Qualifications of teachers, their methods and strategies, facilities, forms of supervisory assistance, problems and proposed solutions to the problems. Population or universe: Teachers and students. Locale of the study: High schools of Province A Period of the study: School year 1989-1990 Limitations of the Study Limitations of the study include the weaknesses of the study beyond the control of the researcher. This is especially true in descriptive research where the variables involved are uncountable or continuous variables such as adequacy, effectiveness, efficiency, extent, etc. Significance Of the Study Cite here the importance Of the Whole study. It must contain explanations or discussions of any or all of the following: I. The rationale, timeliness, and/or relevance Of the study. 2. Possible solutions to existing problems or improvement to unsatisfactory conditions. 3. Who are to be benefited and how they are going to be benefited. (It must be shown who are the individuals. Pups, or communities who may be placed in a more advantageous position on account of the study. 4. Possible contribution to the fund of knowledge. 5 Possible Implications. Definition of terms For better understanding and in order to reach an agreement between the reader and the author on the true meaning of concepts used in the study these are hereby operationally defined. Some of the terms listed here were not ye t mentioned so why define it when it is not yet seen in your document? On-line inventory refers to a web based order entry and inventory tracking system

Nutrients In Food Essays - Nutrition, Eggs, Yolk, Egg As Food

Nutrients In Food This experiment has to do with foods and their nutrients. We are finding out how much nutrients these 6 specific foods have and don't have: cheese, hotdogs, egg yolk, egg white and potato. We are testing them for starch, sugar, fat and protein. For my hypothesis I will start with starch. I think that cheese would not have that much starch in it for the reason of this cheese is a dairy it is made out of milk. Hotdog's don't have starch because it is a meat and meat does not have starch in it. My next food is egg yolk. Egg yolk is also a dairy so just like cheese it is made out of milk also so egg yolk does not have starch either. Egg white is a dairy too so it too has no starch. The only food that has starch in it is potato. The reason for this is because it is a acid and it grows in the ground. Next is sugar. I would have to say that I think sugar would be in cheese, hotdogs, egg yolk and egg white. But I don't think it would be in potato again because they are grown in the ground. My next hypothesis is on fats. I think hotdogs and cheese have fats in them but I think egg white and egg yolk and potato's don't have fats. Next is protein's. Proteins are very common in foods so I think all of the foods we will test has proteins. MATERIAL'S Safety goggles Hotdogs Cheese Egg yolk Egg white Potato Benedict's solution hot plate large beaker 5 test tubes test tube holder test tube rack crucible Lugol's iodine paper bag Biuret reagent EXPERIMENT: We started with testing starch. We took a test tube and put one piece of hotdog in it. I put in drop of Lugol's iodine in it and waited for it to change colors. The drop will turn black if starch is present. The drop showed that the hotdog has no starch in it. Next we took a piece of cheese. We put one drop of iodine in it and it showed that cheese also does not have starch in it. After that we took a piece of egg yolk and put it in a test tube and put one drop of iodine as we did with the other foods. That showed us that egg yolk does not have starch in it either. Next we tested for egg white. We again put one drop of iodine the test tube. That showed us that egg white does not have starch in it either so every food we have tested so far has not had starch in it. We had one more food to test and that was potato. We put in drop of iodine in it and it showed that the potato has starch in it. Next we tested for fats. We took a brown paper towel and placed a piece of hotdog and rubbed them together. Then we held the paper towel up to the light. It showed that hotdogs do have fat in them. Next we took a piece of egg yolk and rubbed it to the paper towel. The paper towel showed that egg yolk does have fats in it. After that we tested cheese . We rubbed it on the paper towel and it showed that cheese does not have fat in it. After we tested for cheese we took a piece of egg white and again rubbed it to the paper towel and that showed that egg white does have fats in it. The last thing we tested is potato. We rubbed it to a paper towel and that showed that potato does have fat in it. After we tested for fats we tested for sugar. We took a test tube and put in a piece of hotdog in it. Next we put 10 drops of Benedict's solution in it. After that we put it in boiling water for 2 minutes. After 2 minutes the solution showed that hotdogs do have sugar in it. After we tested hotdogs we took a piece of cheese and put 10 drops Benedict's solution in it and boiled it for 2 minutes. The solution showed that cheese has sugar in it. Next we tested egg white and again put the same solution in it and boiled it for 2 minutes and that showed that egg white does not have sugar

Effects of the Us civil war essays

Effects of the Us civil war essays The American Civil War, from 1861-1865, marked one of the most permanent changes in American history; transforming the country economically, politically and socially, leading to the virtual reconstruction of a burgeoning nation. Whilst the war increased northern prosperity, the South's entire society consequently collapsed entirely. Today the conflict remains the USA's most important internal struggle in its relatively brief history. The war's impact on northern livelihood was a positive one, profiting immensely in areas unobtainable to the south, resulting in the devastation of southern economy and the advancement of the north's. The Civil War was largely a product of divergent economic organisation between the North and the South of the United States. Revolving around 'King Cotton', the Southern economy relied upon slave labour to work its vast plantations. "From 1790 to 1860 some 500,000 slaves grew to 4 million, and in the same period, 1000 tonnes of cotton grew to 1 million" [Zinn: 92: 1980] Slavery had become essential to the Southern way of life; agriculture was depended upon wholly and all available funds were used to perpetuate it, preventing development in other industries. "The South's was a 'low capital' economy that permitted wealth to be created by hard work, given the opportunity of free trade unimpeded by tariffs" [ findout:81: 1976.] African slaves, once paid for, were owned for life and all their children became slaves. This served to firmly establish slavery as a cheap and effective labour source for the Southern plantation owners. This lasted for more than two hundred years. " Cotton production nearly doubled in the 1850's" [Berkley:78:], illustrating increased slave labour to further develop the Gulf Plains and 'frontier' land. (Appendix 1) Eventually, the southern plantation owners went into debt to the northern traders for the transportation of slaves, and as a result a general dislike of Northerner...

The Japanese Christmas Song Awatenbou no Santakuroosu

The Japanese Christmas Song Awatenbou no Santakuroosu Christmas has become a popular celebration in Japan, even though less than one percent of the Japanese are Christian. However, Christmas is not a family time in Japan. In fact, it is not even a national holiday. December 23rd, though, is a holiday because it is the birthday of the present emperor. Most Japanese work on Christmas day, just like any other day. On the other hand, New Years Day is an important holiday where families get together and have a special feast. So, how do the Japanese celebrate Christmas? It is a time for lovers to have a romantic dinner and give presents, much like St Valentines Day. The media now really push Christmas Eve as being a time for romance. Thats why Christmas Eve is more important in Japan than Christmas day itself. Fancy restaurants and hotels are often booked solid at this time. In December, Christmas classics are played everywhere. Most popular Japanese Christmas songs are for lovers. Here is a Japanese Christmas song for children called, Awatenbou no Santakuroosu (Hasty Santa Claus). You can check out the animated version of Awatenbou no Santakuroosu on Youtube. The Lyrics of Awatenbou no Santakuroosu 㠁‚ã‚ Ã£  ¦Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¼Ã£ â€ Ã£  ®Ã£â€š µÃ£Æ' ³Ã£â€š ¿Ã£â€š ¯Ã£Æ' ­Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£â€š ¹Ã£â€š ¯Ã£Æ' ªÃ£â€š ¹Ã£Æ'žã‚ ¹Ã£  ¾Ã£ Ë†Ã£  « や㠁 £Ã£  ¦Ã£  Ã£ Å¸Ã£ â€žÃ£  Ã£ â€žÃ£  § ãÆ' ªÃ£Æ' ³Ã£Æ' ªÃ£Æ' ³Ã£Æ' ªÃ£Æ' ³Ã£ â€žÃ£  Ã£ â€žÃ£  § ãÆ' ªÃ£Æ' ³Ã£Æ' ªÃ£Æ' ³Ã£Æ' ªÃ£Æ' ³Ã© ³ ´Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£ â€"㠁 ¦Ã£ Å Ã£  Ã£â€šÅ'よ é ËœÃ£â€šâ€™Ã£Æ' ªÃ£Æ' ³Ã£Æ' ªÃ£Æ' ³Ã£Æ' ªÃ£Æ' ³ ãÆ' ªÃ£Æ' ³Ã£Æ' ªÃ£Æ' ³Ã£Æ' ªÃ£Æ' ³Ã£Æ' ªÃ£Æ' ³Ã£Æ' ªÃ£Æ' ³Ã£Æ' ªÃ£Æ' ³ 㠁‚ã‚ Ã£  ¦Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¼Ã£ â€ Ã£  ®Ã£â€š µÃ£Æ' ³Ã£â€š ¿Ã£â€š ¯Ã£Æ' ­Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£â€š ¹Ã£ Ë†Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¨Ã£  ¤Ã£  ®Ã£ Å¾Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¦ è  ½Ã£  £Ã£ â€œÃ£  ¡Ã£ Å¸Ã£ â€šÃ£ â€žÃ£ Å¸Ã£ Å¸ ãÆ'‰ãÆ' ³Ã£Æ'‰ãÆ' ³Ã£Æ'‰ãÆ' ³Ã£ â€šÃ£ â€žÃ£ Å¸Ã£ Å¸ ãÆ'‰ãÆ' ³Ã£Æ'‰ãÆ' ³Ã£Æ'‰ãÆ' ³Ã£  ¾Ã£  £Ã£  Ã£â€š Ã£  Ã£â€š Ã£ â€˜Ã£  ® 㠁Šé ¡â€Ã£Æ'‰ãÆ' ³Ã£Æ'‰ãÆ' ³Ã£Æ'‰ãÆ' ³ ãÆ'‰ãÆ' ³Ã£Æ'‰ãÆ' ³Ã£Æ'‰ãÆ' ³Ã£Æ'‰ãÆ' ³Ã£Æ'‰ãÆ' ³Ã£Æ'‰ãÆ' ³ 㠁‚ã‚ Ã£  ¦Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¼Ã£ â€ Ã£  ®Ã£â€š µÃ£Æ' ³Ã£â€š ¿Ã£â€š ¯Ã£Æ' ­Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£â€š ¹Ã£ â€"㠁‹ã Å¸Ã£ Å'㠁 ªÃ£ â€žÃ£ â€¹Ã£â€šâ€° è ¸Å Ã£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£â€šË†Ã¦ ¥ ½Ã£ â€"㠁  ãÆ' Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ' £Ã¦ ¥ ½Ã£ â€"㠁  ãÆ' Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ' £Ã£  ¿Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ªÃ£â€šâ€šÃ¨ ¸Å Ã£â€š Ã£â€šË† Ã¥Æ'•ã  ¨Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ' £ ãÆ' Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ' £ 㠁‚ã‚ Ã£  ¦Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¼Ã£ â€ Ã£  ®Ã£â€š µÃ£Æ' ³Ã£â€š ¿Ã£â€š ¯Ã£Æ' ­Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£â€š ¹Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£ â€žÃ£  ¡Ã£  ©Ã¦  ¥Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£â€šË†Ã£  ¨ Ã¥ ¸ °Ã£  £Ã£  ¦Ã£  Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šË†Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€° ã‚ ·Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ³Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šË†Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€° ã‚ ·Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ³Ã£â€š ¿Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ'â€"ãÆ' ªÃ£Æ' ³Ã© ³ ´Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£ â€"㠁 ¦Ã¦ ¶Ë†Ã£ Ë†Ã£ Å¸Ã£â€š ·Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ³ ã‚ ·Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ³Ã£â€š ·Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ³ 㠁‚ã‚ Ã£  ¦Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¼Ã£ â€ Ã£  ®Ã£â€š µÃ£Æ' ³Ã£â€š ¿Ã£â€š ¯Ã£Æ' ­Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£â€š ¹Ã£â€šâ€ Ã£ â€¹Ã£ â€žÃ£  ªÃ£ Å Ã£  ²Ã£ â€™Ã£  ® 㠁Šã ËœÃ£ â€žÃ£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£Æ' ªÃ£Æ' ³Ã£Æ' ªÃ£Æ' ³Ã£Æ' ªÃ£Æ' ³ ãÆ' Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ'‰ãÆ' ³Ã£Æ'‰ãÆ' ³Ã£Æ'‰ãÆ' ³ ã‚ ·Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ³Ã£â€š Ã£ â„¢Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 ¡Ã£â€šÆ'㠁  Ã£â€š Ã£   Ã£â€šË† 㠁Šã‚‚㠁 ¡Ã£â€šÆ'ã‚ ·Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ³ ãÆ' ªÃ£Æ' ³ ãÆ' Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ'‰ãÆ' ³ ã‚ ·Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ³ Romaji Translation Awatenbou no SantakuroosuKurisumasu mae ni yattekitaIsoide rin rin rinIsoide rin rin rinNarashite okure yo kane oRin rin rin rin rin rinRin rin rin Awatenbou no SantakuroosuEntotsu nozoite okkochitaAitata don don donAitata don don donMakkuro kuro ke no okaoDon don don don don donDon don don Awatenbou no SantakuroosuShikataganaikara odotta yoTanoshiku cha cha chaTanoshiku cha cha chaMinna mo odoro yo boku toCha cha cha cha cha chaCha cha cha Awatenbou no SantakuroosuMo ichido kuru yo to kaettekuSayonara shara ran ranSayonara shara ran ranTanburin narashite kietaShara ran ran Shara ran ranShara ran ran Awatenbou no SantakuroosuYukaina ohige no ojiisanRin rin rin Cha cha chaDon don don Shara ran ranWasurecha dame da yo omochaShara ran rin cha cha chaDon shara ran The Use of ~bou Awatenbou means, a hasty person. ~bou is attached to some words and expresses ~ person, ~ person who does ~ in an affectionate or ridiculing manner. Here are some examples: Okorinbou 怒りんå Å  - a short-tempered or irritable personKechinbou 㠁‘㠁 ¡Ã£â€šâ€œÃ¥ Å  - a stingy person; a miserAmaenbou 甘㠁ˆã‚“å Å  - a pampered or spoiled person.Kikanbou 㠁 Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šâ€œÃ¥ Å  - a naughty or unruly personAbarenbou æš ´Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚“å Å  - a rough or disorderly person.Kuishinbou é £Å¸Ã£ â€žÃ£ â€"ã‚“å Å  - a gourmandWasurenbou Ã¥ ¿ËœÃ£â€šÅ'ã‚“å Å  - a forgetful person The Prefix ma Makkuro means as black as ink. Ma is a prefix to emphasize the noun that comes after ma. The Japanese title for Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer is Makkana ohana no tonakai-san. Lets look at some words that include ma. Makka çÅ"Ÿã  £Ã¨ µ ¤ - bright redMakkuro çÅ"Ÿã  £Ã© »â€™ - black as inkMasshiro çÅ"Ÿã  £Ã§â„¢ ½ - pure whiteMassao çÅ"Ÿã  £Ã© â€™ - deep blueManatsu çÅ"Ÿå ¤  - the middle of summerMafuyu çÅ"Ÿå† ¬ - the middle of winterMakkura çÅ"Ÿã  £Ã¦Å¡â€" - pitch-darkMasski - at the very firstMapputateu - right in twoMassara - brand new The Prefix o The prefix o is added to kao (face) and hige (beard; mustache) for politeness. Again, the title Makkana ohana no tonakai-san (Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer) includes the use of the prefix o as well. Hana means nose and ohana is the polite form of hana. Onomatopoeic Expressions There are many onomatopoeic expressions used in songs. They are words that describe sound or action directly. Rin rin describes a ringing sound, in this case the sound of a bell. Don expresses thud and boom. It is used to describe the sound that Santa Claus makes as he comes down a chimney.

Marketing Makes Strong Fashion Brands Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Makes Strong Fashion Brands - Essay Example The essay "Marketing Makes Strong Fashion Brands" discovers the role of marketing in the future of the fashion brands. The stage is called Outward Marketing. Without properly undergoing through these two stages, difficulties may arise according to Carter McNamara, MBA, â€Å"As a result, they often end up trying to push products onto people who really don't want the products at all. Effective inbound marketing often results in much more effective and less difficult outbound marketing and sales.† The key therefore is to conduct good inbound marketing as a foundation to outbound marketing. Bearing this advice in mind, businesses will have a fair chance of succeeding in the highly competitive market. The strongest element in Inbound Marketing that leading companies spend a lot on is Outbound marketing is the outward manifestation that directly interacts with people. The most powerful element of outbound marketing is advertising. The Britannica Concise Encyclopedia defines adverti sing techniques and practices as making â€Å"the public to notice products for the purpose of persuading the public to respond in a certain way.† People will know of the product, identify with it and buy it. Ioana Chioveanu (2006), names this as â€Å"persuasive advertising which induces brand loyalty in consumers who would otherwise buy the cheapest alternative on the market.† This is the very essence of advertising and companies spend a lot on advertising. In fact a survey of the Leading National Advertisers.

Findyourdeal.com Thesis Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Findyourdeal.com - Thesis Proposal Example Specifications for all these components are standardized and are available off the shelf in any computer store or an e-commerce website. We will extensively use open source software applications to run our IS resources. Most of the open source software applications are royalty free, and hence will shoot down our costs. Some examples of free and open source applications will be Ubuntu as the operating system, Open Office as the general productivity suite, Mozilla Firefox/Google Chrome as the browser, GIMP as photo editor. We will outsource annual maintenance contracts to local hardware providers, thereby nullifying the requirement of any dedicated manpower for maintenance of hardware resources at out office. We will also employ freelance technical help personnel from lower cost economies to drive down our software maintenance costs. 1. Aggregate deals from companies: To keep costs down in the initial phase, we will use the internet to scout for deals being offered by companies. Sourcing of deals may be done through 3 distinct processes: E-commerce businesses range from a multibillion dollar business like Amazon, to really small mom-and-pop-managed kind of a website that generates not more than$5000 revenues in a month. The set of features required in an e-commerce website obviously depends on the present status of an e-commerce business, and also perhaps on the future growth potential. While the initial two components are common place, it selecting appropriate e-commerce software that will be a critical activity. Available e-commerce systems may be categorized using a whole lot of parameters like, Open source / Proprietary, Off-she Shelf/Custom made, Microsoft Technologies/LAMP based or Product/SaaS. Every available e-commerce component have its own utility and caters to a specific set of customers, we have chosen to use LAMP based open source e-commerce systems for our business. LAMP is an acronym for Linux, Apache, MySQL and

Multi-Disciplinary Working Essay -- Management Work

This essay will aim to relate to an observation of professional social work practice in a Crisis Centre, for people with mental health issues who require support, and short-term accommodation, with the goal of returning home or to a new environment. This essay will focus upon the role of multi disciplinary collaboration regarding the Crisis Centre staff, and Crisis Resolution Home Treatment Team (CRHTT), and to discuss why collaboration appears to play an important and fundamental role within social work practice. The essay will also aim to demonstrate good practice and possible strengths and weaknesses of multidisciplinary working. Within the field of social work practice it does seem evident that ‘multidisciplinary working is work undertaken jointly by workers and professionals from different disciplines or occupations’ (Pearson & Thomas, 2010:342) and has evolved at varying speeds over the past 30 years, in response to imperatives of central government. Evidence suggests that the area mental health was among the first professions to adopt teams of workers from different professions, and the Community Mental Health Team is widely regarded as the model for multidisciplinary working (Community Care, 2010). It seems that , in relation to social work, the distinctive quality that has to be demonstrated is anti discriminatory practice and a holistic approach, by working with a range of situations and people having an attribute for developing multidisciplinary and partnerships (Higham,2006:). The Crisis Centre that has been observed is run by a Local Council, and is a National Health Service Trust based in a local community. The centre also corresponds with the 1975 White Paper entitled ‘Better Services for Mentally Ill’... ...mparison to the Ward: A Service Evaluation of Amethyst House and Crisis Resolution Home Treatment Team: Liverpool City Council and Mersey Care NHS Trust: Liverpool. Thompson, N. (2005) Understanding Social Work, 2nd Ed. Hampshire: Palgrave. Thompson, N. & Thompson, S. (2008) The Social Work Companion. Hampshire: Palgrave. Thompson, N. (2009) Practicing Social Work. Hampshire: Palgrave. SCIE Guide 23: The learning, teaching and assessment of partnership work in social work education www.scie.org.uk/ [accessed 6th November 2010]. Wilson, K. Ruch, G. Lymbery, M. & Cooper, A (2008) Social Work an Introduction to Contemporary Practice; Essex: Pearson. Whittington, C. (2003) ‘Collaboration and Partnership in Context’. In Weinstein, J., Whittington, C. and Leiba, T. (eds.) Collaboration in Social Work Practice. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Ch.1.

Evaluation of Comptronix Corporation: Identifying Inherent Risk and Control Risk Factors Essay

1. Professional auditing standards present the audit risk model, which is used to determine the nature, timing, and extent of audit procedures. Describe the components of the model and discuss how changes in each component affect the auditor’s need for evidence. The audit risk model is used to determine the nature, timing, and extent of substantive audit procedures. The components of audit risk model usually stated as follows: DR = AR/(IR x CR) Where: DR = detection risk; AR = audit risk; IR = inherent risk; CR = control risk Detection Risk: auditors’ procedures will lead them to conclude that a financial statement assertion is not materially misstated when in fact such misstatement does exist. If auditors want to decrease DR, they had better collect more evidence and make sure the validity of evidence. Audit Risk: auditors may unknowingly fail to appropriately modify their opinion on financial statements that are materially misstated. If AR should be keep in low level, which means the other risks also should be low. Inherent Risk: The risk of material misstatement of a financial statement assertion, assuming there were no related controls. As inherent risk increases, PDR decreases, which in turn increases the auditor’s need for stronger evidence. Control risk: The risk that a material misstatement that could occur in an account will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control. If the strength of internal control is assessed as decreasing, the auditor should pay more attention to control risks. 2. One of the components of the audit risk model is inherent risk. Describe typical factors that auditors evaluate when assessing inherent risk. With the benefit of hindsight, what inherent risk factors were present during the audits of the 1989 through 1992 Comptronix financial statements? Inherent risk is a measure of the auditor’s assessment of the susceptibility of an assertion to a material misstatement assuming there are no related internal controls. Some believe that inherent risk would be greater for some assertions and related account based on some conditions as follows: †¢Complex calculations rather than simple calculations. Once the company lost their a key customer, Management have a strong motivation manipulate sales and operating performance to satisfy investor expectations because the loss of a key customer put too much pressure on management to meet the requirements of external users. †¢Public Offering of Stock: After Comptronix made its public offering of stock , they have the pressure which push the management to manipulate operating performance too meet the expectations from the external users. †¢Technological Improvement: Comptronix is a manufacture company which main products are circuit boards and the circuit boards’ development depend on technological improvement. The technological improvement has a negative impact on operating performance. †¢Pressures from a new star Company: By the first year of the fraud (1989), Comptronix became a new company which can employ more than 1,800 employees in less than a decade , and at same time, the company expanded its the size of the company in three different locations. The rapid development of company made the management adjusted their operations instead of monitoring company operations. †¢Estimation of Accounts: The high inherent risk accounts include Accounts receivable/ payable, inventory, and property, plant, and equipment. But all the accounts’ computation is based on estimation which led the numbers are very unreliable and subjective. †¢Cash Flow Pressures: Comptronix suffered net losses from 1986. Until the company attracted a venture capitalist, the company was able to generate strong sales and profits. Prior to 1989, Comptronix had generated only two consecutive years of profit after several years of net losses. cash flow of financial statement cannot cover many years of recurring losses. The management has motives to make up operating accounts to look perfect to attract more investors. 3. Another component of the audit risk model is control risk. Describe the five components of internal control. What characteristics of Comptronix’s internal control increased control risk for the audits of the 1989-1992 year-end financial statements? Five components of control risk are: control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring. Control environment set the tone of an organization by influencing the control consciousness of people. Risk assessment is management’s process for identifying, analyzing, and responding to the risks. Control activities are policies and procedures that help ensure that management’s directives are carried out. Information is needed at all levels of an organization to assist management in meeting the organization’s objectives. Monitoring of controls is a process to assess the quality of internal control performance over time. The information and communication is seriously weak in that he three executives were able to perpetrate the fraud by bypassing the existing accounting system. They could record the fictitious entries manually and other employees were excluded from the manipulations to minimize the likelihood of the fraud being discovered. Besides, the weak control activity and monitoring is represented by the fact that Mr. Shifflett or Mr. Medlin could approve payments based solely on an invoice. Therefore, the fraud team was able to bypass internal controls over cash disbursements. Internal controls were also insufficient to detect the manipulation of sales and accounts receivable. Mr. Medlin had the ability to access the shipping department system. 4. The board of directors, and its audit committee, can be an effective corporate governance mechanism. Discuss the pros and cons of allowing inside directors to sere on the board. Describe typical responsibilities of audit committees.What strengths or weaknesses were present related to Comptronix’s board of directors and audit committee? As shareholders have limited access to the sufficient information, they are hard to monitor the daily transactions and management. They would delegate the responsibilities to the board of directors. Then, board of directors require inside directors to provide sufficient information in order to make decisions those are in the maximum profits of shareholders. However, if the inside directors have improper purposes, it’s easily to be a manipulation tool for management. Audit committee is responsible for ensuring that the company’s financial statements and reports are accurate and use fair and reasonable estimates. More specifically, it is charged with overseeing the financial reporting and disclosure process, monitoring choice of accounting policies and principles, overseeing hiring, performance and independence of the external auditors, oversight of regulatory compliance, monitoring the internal control process, overseeing the performance of the internal audit function, and discussing risk management policies and practices with management. The control environment is significantly influenced by the effectiveness of its board of directors or its audit committee. Factors that bear on the effectiveness of the board or audit committee include the extent of its independence from management, the experience and stature of its members. However, among the seven individuals in Comptronix board of directors, five members are either inside directors or directors had close affiliations with management. In addition, the primary responsibility of the board of directors is to protect the shareholders’ assets and ensure they receive a decent return on their investment. Board members act as trustees of the organization’s assets and must exercise due diligence to oversee that the organization is well managed and that its financial situation remains sound. But the composition of Comptronix’s board of directors obviously lacks objectivity. A qualifying audit committee should be composed of independent directors who are not officers or employees of the organization and who do not have other relationships that impair independence. However, The audit committee of Comptronix is made up two outside directors and one gray director, which would inevitably impair the independence. What’s more, to qualify, the committee must be composed of outside director with at least one qualifying as a financial expert. Nevertheless, for Comptronix Corporation, there is no indication of whether any of these individuals had accounting or financial reporting backgrounds. Lastly, the audit committee met only twice during 1991, it was not efficiently and sufficiently to monitor and oversee the financial reporting. 5. Public companies must file quarterly financial statements in Form 10-Qs, that have been reviewed by the company’s external auditor. Briefly describe the key requirements of Auditing Standards (AU) Section 722, Interim Financial Statements. Why wouldn’t all companies (public and private) engage their auditors to perform timely reviews of interim financial statements? The term interim financial information means financial information or statements covering a period less than a full year or for a 12-month period ending on a date other than the entity’s fiscal year end. A review consists principally of performing analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters, and does not contemplate (a) test of accounting records through inspection, observation, or confirmation; (b) tests of controls to evaluate their effectiveness; (c) the obtain net of corroborating evidence in response to inquiries; or (d) the performance of certain other procedures ordinarily performed in an audit. The decision to have a review engagement is a joint decision of the client and auditor. So a review would be performed when the benefits to the auditor and to the client exceed the costs to both parties. In general, firms with high complexity are more likely to be reviewed than firms with low complexity. Firms with high growth opportunities a less likely to be reviewed than those with low growth opportunities for they may be associated with higher information and litigation risks. And it’s also about the firms’ audit assurance and insurance needs. 6. Describe whether you think Comptronix’s executive team was inherently dishonest from the beginning. How is it possible for otherwise honest people to become involved in frauds like the one at Comptronix? We don’t think Comptronix’s executive team was inherently dishonest from the beginning. In opposite, we think there are two main reasons for the company committed the fraud. The first is its weak internal control. First comes to the company’s board of director. The board of directors is responsible for overseeing the actions of management. Factors that bear on the effectiveness of the board include the extent of its independence from management, the experience and stature of its members, the extent to which it raises and pursues difficult questions with management, and its interaction with the internal and external auditors. the audit committee of the board of directors should be composed of independent directors who are not officers or employees of the organization and who do not have other relationships that impair independence. In addition, the audit committee should have one or more members who have financial reporting expertise. However, Comptronix’s board of directors consist of the CEO and the COO of the company, And two of the other five directors who had close affiliations with management, one served as the company’s outside general legal counsel and the other who served as vice president of manufacturing for a significant customer of Comptronix, and one of the remaining outside directors who was a partner in the venture capital firm that owned 574,978 shares (5.3%) of Comptronix’s common stock, the second outside director who was the vice chairman and CEO of the local bank originally loaning money to the company, and the third outside director who was president of an international components supplier based in Taiwan. And there was no indication of whether any of these individuals had accounting or financial reporting backgrounds. 28.6% of the board consisted of inside directors. And even all of the board of directors disobey the independence and effectiveness of the formation of the board of directors. The interest relationship with the company increased the potential risk for the management to commit fraud. The second reason is the huge pressure of harsh competition for the companies in the industry. The fraud was motivated by the loss of a key customer in 1989 to the three executives’ former employer, SCI. Since the first manipulation of the financial statement, they were forced to manipulate the other years and evidences to hide the manipulation, which created a vicious circle. In conclusion, the weak internal control system provided a good environment for the commission of fraud. The huge pressure of the company brought the motivation of the fraud. Both of them played important roles for the honest people to become involved in frauds. 7. Auditing Standards (AU) Section 316, Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit, notes that three conditions are generally present when fraud occurs. Research the authoritative standards for auditors and provide a brief summary of each of the three fraud conditions. Additionally, provide an example from the Comptronix fraud of each of the three fraud conditions. (1) Three fraud conditions First, management or other employees have an incentive or are under pressure, which provides a reason to commit fraud. Second, circumstances exist—for example, the absence of controls, ineffective controls, or the ability of management to override controls—that provide an opportunity for a fraud to be perpetrated. Third, those involved are able to rationalize committing a fraudulent act. Some individuals possess an attitude, character, or set of ethical values that allow them to knowingly and intentionally commit a dishonest act. (2) Examples The incentive for top company executive to do fraud is that after the company went public, the company needed an increasing number for profit on the income statement, to attract more investors and make the stock price higher and higher. One of the opportunities for fraud perpetrated in Comptronix is that their internal controls were so insufficient. The three executives had so many authorities to get access to various accounts. They can get control of both checks and accounts payable, which enable them to make fake equipment purchasing recording. Because Comptronix`s quarterly filings were unaudited, the executives were successful in manipulating quarterly financial statements. After they successfully manipulated 1989 year-end sales and receivables, they thought their performance may not be discovered by external auditors and SEC, so they began recording fictitious quarterly sales frequently. 8. Auditing Standards Section 316, Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit, notes that there is a possibility that management override of controls could occur in every audit and accordingly, the auditor should include audit procedures in every audit to address that risk. a. What do you think is meant by the term â€Å"management override†? Management override of internal controls is the intervention by managers in handling financial information and making decisions contrary to internal control policy. Managers may think they have the ability to operate outside of the internal controls, but this is not true. b. provide two examples of where management override of controls occurred in the Comptronix fraud. For example, Mr. Medilin, as controller and treasurer, has the authorization to manipulate both sales documents and accounts receivable documents. Thus he can enter bogus sales into the accounting system then make fake accounts receivable to overstate the company`s earnings. Moreover, in order to overstate the equipment and accounts payable, the three company executives cut fake checks to the bogus accounts payable vendors associated with the fake purchases of equipment. However, the check preparing and recording of equipment purchases jobs should be distributed to different staff. Handling these two jobs at the same time by same executives provide them opportunity to make overstated recording of equipment purchasing. c. Research AU Section 316 to identify the three required auditor responses to further address the risk of management override of internal controls. Three required auditor responses to further address the risk of management override: (1) Examining journal entries and other adjustments for evidence of possible material misstatement due to fraud. (2) Reviewing accounting estimates for biases that could result in material misstatement due to fraud. (3) Evaluating the business rationale for significant unusual transactions.

Penny Press Creator Benjamin Day Changed Journalism

Benjamin Day was a printer from New England who started a trend in American journalism when he founded a New York City newspaper, The Sun, which sold for a penny. Reasoning that a growing working-class audience would respond to a newspaper that was affordable, his invention of the Penny Press was a genuine milestone in American journalism history. While Day’s newspaper proved successful, he was not particularly suited to being a newspaper editor. After about five years of operating The Sun, he sold it to his brother in law at the very low price of $40,000. The newspaper continued to publish for decades. Day later dabbled with publishing magazines and with other business endeavors. By the 1860s he was essentially retired. He lived on his investments until his death in 1889. Despite his relatively short tenure in the American newspaper business, Day is remembered as a revolutionary figure who proved that newspapers could be marketed to a mass audience. Early Life of Benjamin Day Benjamin Day was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, on April 10, 1810. His family had deep roots in New England going back to the 1830s. While in his teens Day was apprenticed to a printer, and at the age of 20 he moved to New York City and began working in print shops and newspaper offices. He saved enough money to start his own printing business, which nearly failed when the cholera epidemic of 1832 sent a panic through the city. Trying to salvage his business, he decided to start a newspaper. Founding of The Sun Day was aware that other low-cost newspapers had been tried elsewhere in America, but in New York City the price of a newspaper was generally six cents. Reasoning that working-class New Yorkers, including newly arrived immigrants, would read a newspaper if they could afford it, Day launched The Sun on September 3, 1833. At the outset, Day put the newspaper together by repackaging the news from out of town newspapers. And to stay competitive he hired a reporter, George Wisner, who ferreted out news and wrote articles. Day also introduced another innovation, newsboys who hawked the newspaper on street corners. The combination of a cheap newspaper that was easily available was successful, and before long Day was making a good living publishing The Sun. And his success inspired a competitor with far more journalism experience, James Gordon Bennett, to launch The Herald, another penny newspaper in New York, in 1835. An era of newspaper competition was born. When Horace Greeley founded the New York Tribune in 1841 it was also initially priced at one cent. At some point, Day lost interest in the day-to-day work of publishing a newspaper, and he sold The Sun to his brother in law, Moses Yale Beach, in 1838. But during the short time he was involved in newspapers he had successfully disrupted the industry. Day’s Later Life Day later launched another newspaper, which he sold after a few months. And he started a magazine called Brother Jonathan (named for the common symbol for America before Uncle Sam became popular). During the Civil War Day retired for good. He admitted at one point that he had not been a great newspaper editor, but had managed to transform the business â€Å"more by accident than design.† He died in New York City on December 21, 1889, at the age of 79.